List of 2021 United States cannabis reform proposals
February 20, 2021
Mail order marijuana.The year 2021 start
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with varying degrees of legalization for
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unrestricte-THC content cannabis in 34 states, or
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over half of U.S. states, and continued federal
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prohibition except for low-THC hemp. Several states
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consider candidates for 2021 legislation to legalize
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cannabis for adult use included Connecticut,
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New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
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Texas, and Virginia,[1] some of which like
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New York had already decriminalize.
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At the federal level, the Democratic party’s majority
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in both houses of the 117th United States Congress
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was cite by Politico as a likely precondition for
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Federal legalization in 2021, with the
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
SAFE Banking Act likely to pass.[2]
Contents
- 1Legislation and initiatives introduced in 2020 for 2021 sessions
- 2Legislation and initiatives introduced in 2021
- 3Mass pardons
- 4See also
- 5References
- 6Further reading
- 7External links
Legislation and initiatives introduced in 2020 for 2021 sessions[edit]
- Maryland legalization HB0032 was introduce
- by Jazz Lewis in December 2020 for the 2021
- legislative session.[3]
- A Missouri legalization bill was pre-file in
- December 2020 by Republican state legislator
- Shamed Doga.[4]
- A “justice roadmap” published by New York state
- Republican lawmakers in late December
- 2020 include legalization.[5]
Legislation passed in 2020 pending governor’s action in 2021[edit]
- NJ A21 (20R), a legalization and regulation bill,
- and NJ A1897 (20R), decriminalization, were
- sent to the governor on December 17.
- New Jersey governor Phil Murphy say he would
- conditionally veto the bills if language on
- underage possession was not reconcile
- by January 30.[6]
- Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
This article is about industrial uses of Cannabis.
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
For the genus of plants, see Cannabis. For therapeutic
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
preparations of the plant, see Medical cannabis.
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
For the psychoactive preparation, see
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
Cannabis (drug). For religious use, see
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
Entheogenic use of cannabis. For other uses,
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
see Hemp (disambiguation).A hemp field in Côtes-
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
d’Armor, Brittany, France (Europe‘s largest hemp producer)
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
Hemp, or industrial hemp,
is a variety of the
Cannabis sativa plant species that is grow
specifically for industrial use. It can be use to
make a wide range of products.[1] Along with
bamboo, hemp is one of the fastest growing
plants[2] on Earth. It was also one of the first
plants to be spun into usable fiber 50,000
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
years ago.[3] It can be refine into a variety of
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
commercial items, including paper, rope,
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint,
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed.[4][5]
Although cannabis as a drug and industrial
hemp both derive from the species Cannabis
sativa and contain the
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
component tetrahydrocannabinol
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
(THC), they are distinct strains with unique
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phytochemical compositions and uses.[6] Hemp
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has lower concentrations of THC and may
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have higher concentrations of cannabidiol
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(CBD), which decreases or eliminates its
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
psychoactive effects.[6] The legality of industrial
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
hemp varies widely between countries. Some
governments regulate the concentration of THC
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especially low THC content.[7][8]
In 2020, the United Nations recommendation
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hemp products containing predominantly
cannabidiol and not more than 0.2% of THC was
reject by a majority of votes, meaning that hemp
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and extracts thereof will remain in some legal
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ambiguity under the current UN conventions.[9]
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“Marijuana” redirects here. For other uses,
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see Marijuana (disambiguation).
| Cannabis | |
|---|---|
| Close-up of flowering cannabis plant | |
| Product name | Cannabis |
| Pronunciation | (cannabis) /ˈkænəbɪs/ (marijuana) /ˌmærəˈwɑːnə/[1] |
| Source plant(s) | Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis |
| Part(s) of plant | Flower and fruit |
| Geographic origin | Central Asia and Indian subcontinent[2] |
| Active ingredients | Tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin |
| Main producers | Afghanistan,[3] Canada,[4] China, Colombia,[5] India,[3] Jamaica,[3] Lebanon,[6] Mexico,[7] Morocco,[3] Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay,[7] Spain,[3] Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom,[8] United States[3] |
| Legal status | AU: S9 (Prohibited substance)CA: UnscheduledDE: Medical cannabis from state-controlled production: Anlage III, other cannabis: IUK: Class BUS: Schedule I (legal recreationally in 15 states & DC; medically legal in 35 states)UN: Narcotic Schedule I |
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Cannabis, also know as marijuana
(Spanish pronunciation: [maɾiˈxwana]) among
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other names,[a] is a psychoactive drug from
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the Cannabis plant used primarily for medical
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or recreational purposes.[18][19][20]
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
component of cannabis, which is one of the
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
483 known compounds in the plant,[21]
including at least 65 other cannabinoids,[22]
including cannabidiol (CBD).[23]
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Cannabis can be use by smoking, vaporizing,
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within food, or as an extract.[24]
Cannabis has various
mental and physical effects, which include euphoria, altered states of mind and sense of time, difficulty concentrating, impaired short-term memory and body movement,[24] relaxation,[25] and an increase in appetite.[26] Onset of effects is felt within minutes when smoke, and about 30 to 60 minutes when cook and eat.[24][27] The effects last for two to six hours, depending on the amount used.[27] At high doses, mental effects can include anxiety, delusions (including ideas of reference), hallucinations, panic, paranoia, and psychosis.[24][23] There is a strong relation between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis,[28][29]
though the direction
of causality is debated.[30] Physical effects include increased heart rate, difficulty breathing, nausea, and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy;[24] short-term side effects may also include dry mouth and red eyes.[31][32] Long-term adverse effects may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started regular use as adolescents, chronic coughing, and susceptibility to respiratory infections.[33] Donald Tashkin, a pulmonologist at the University of California, Los Angeles has studied the adverse effect of marijuana for over 30 years. You can find the full interview by typing his name on YouTube.
Cannabis is mostly use
recreationally or as a medicinal drug, although it may also be use for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65).[34] It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world,[24][34] though it is also legal in some jurisdictions, with the highest use among adults (as of 2018) in Zambia, the United States, Canada, and Nigeria.[35]. Mail order marijuana
While cannabis plants
have been grown since at least the 3rd millennium BCE,[36] evidence suggests that it was being smoked for psychoactive effects at least 2,500 years ago in the Pamir Mountains;[37] the earliest evidence found at a cemetery in what is today western China close to the tripoint with Tajikistan and Afghanistan.[38] Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions.
The possession, use,
and cultivation of cannabis is illegal in most countries of the world.[39][40] In 2013, Uruguay became the first country to legalize recreational use of cannabis.[41] Other countries to do so are Canada, Georgia, and South Africa, along with 15 states and the District of Columbia in the United States (though the drug remains federally illegal).[41][42] Medical use of cannabis, requiring the approval of a physician, has been legalized in many countries.[43]
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions.
Uses
Medical
Main article: Medical cannabisMain short-term physical effects of cannabis
Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana, can refer to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms; however, there is no single agree-upon definition.[44][45] The rigorous scientific study of cannabis as a medicine has been hampered by production restrictions and by the fact that it is classified as an illegal drug by many governments.[46] There is limite evidence suggesting cannabis can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS, or to treat chronic pain and muscle spasms.[47][48][49] Its use for other medical applications is insufficient for drawing conclusions about safety or efficacy.
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
Short-term use increases
the risk of both minor and major adverse effects.[48]
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
subject to legal restrictions.
Common side effects include dizziness,
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
feeling tired and vomiting.[48]
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
The long-term effects of cannabis are not
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
clear.[48] There are concerns surrounding
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
memory and cognition problems, risk
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
of addiction, risk of schizophrenia in young
Since the early 20th century, cannabis has been
people, and the risk of children taking it by accident.[47]
and permit only hemp that is breed with an
Recreational
Main article: Effects of cannabis
Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consume.[50] The immediate desired effects from consuming cannabis include relaxation and euphoria (the “high” or “stoned” feeling), a general alteration of conscious perception, increased awareness of sensation, increased libido[25] and distortions in the perception of time and space. At higher doses, effects can include altered body image, auditory and/or visual illusions, pseudohallucinations and ataxia from selective impairment of polysynaptic reflexes.[citation needed] In some cases, cannabis can lead to dissociative states such as depersonalization[51][52] and derealization.[53]
Some immediate undesired
side effects include a decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills and reddening of the eyes.[54] Aside from a subjective change in perception and mood, the most common short-term physical and neurological effects include increased heart rate, increased appetite and consumption of food, lowered blood pressure, impairment of short-term and working memory,[55][56] psychomotor coordination, and concentration. Some users may experience an episode of acute psychosis, which usually abates after six hours, but in rare instances, heavy users may find the symptoms continuing for many days.[57]
A reduce quality of life is associate with heavy cannabis use, although the relationship is inconsistent and weaker than for tobacco and other substances.[58] The direction of cause and effect, however, is unclear.[58]
Spiritual
A man smoking cannabisMain article: Entheogenic use of cannabis
Cannabis has held sacred status in several religions and has served as an entheogen – a chemical substance used in religious, shamanic, or spiritual contexts[59] – in the Indian subcontinent since the Vedic period dating back to approximately 1500 BCE, but perhaps as far back as 2000 BCE. There are several references in Greek mythology to a powerful drug that eliminated anguish and sorrow. Herodotus wrote about early ceremonial practices by the Scythians, thought to have occurred from the 5th to 2nd century BCE. In modern culture, the spiritual use of cannabis has been spread by the disciples of the Rastafari movement who use cannabis as a sacrament and as an aid to meditation. The earliest known reports regarding the sacred status of cannabis in the Indian subcontinent come from the Atharva Veda, estimated to have been composed sometime around 1400 BCE.[60]
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Available forms
Main article: Cannabis consumptionA joint prior to rolling, with a paper handmade filter on the left
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Cannabis is consumed in many different ways,[61] all of which involve heating to decarboxylate THCA in the plant into THC.[62]
- Smoking, which typically involves burning and inhaling vaporized cannabinoids (“smoke”) from small pipes, bongs (portable versions of hookahs with a water chamber), paper-wrapped joints or tobacco-leaf-wrapped blunts, and other items.[63]
- Vaporizer, which heats any form of cannabis to 165–190 °C (329–374 °F),[64] causing the active ingredients to evaporate into vapor without burning the plant material (the boiling point of THC is 157 °C (315 °F) at atmospheric pressure).[65]
- Cannabis tea, which contains relatively small concentrations of THC because THC is an oil (lipophilic) and is only slightly water-soluble (with a solubility of 2.8 mg per liter).[66] Cannabis tea is made by first adding a saturated fat to hot water (e.g. cream or any milk except skim) with a
small amount of cannabis.[67]
Edibles, where cannabis is added as an ingredient to one of a variety of foods, including butter and baked goods. In India it is commonly made into a beverage, bhang.
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Capsules, typically containing cannabis oil, and other dietary supplement products, for which some 220 were approved in Canada in 2018.[68]to explicitly remove international control from
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